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PloS One 2019Oxalate, a ubiquitous compound in many plant-based foods, is absorbed through the intestine and precipitates with calcium in the kidneys to form stones. Over 80% of...
Oxalate, a ubiquitous compound in many plant-based foods, is absorbed through the intestine and precipitates with calcium in the kidneys to form stones. Over 80% of diagnosed kidney stones are found to be calcium oxalate. People who form these stones often experience a high rate of recurrence and treatment options remain limited despite decades of dedicated research. Recently, the intestinal microbiome has become a new focus for novel therapies. Studies have shown that select species of Lactobacillus, the most commonly included genus in modern probiotic supplements, can degrade oxalate in vitro and even decrease urinary oxalate in animal models of Primary Hyperoxaluria. Although the purported health benefits of Lactobacillus probiotics vary significantly between species, there is supporting evidence for their potential use as probiotics for oxalate diseases. Defining the unique metabolic properties of Lactobacillus is essential to define how these bacteria interact with the host intestine and influence overall health. We addressed this need by characterizing and comparing the metabolome and lipidome of the oxalate-degrading Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. We report many species-specific differences in the metabolic profiles of these Lactobacillus species and discuss potential probiotic relevance and function resulting from their differential expression. Also described is our validation of the oxalate-degrading ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri, even in the presence of other preferred carbon sources, measuring in vitro 14C-oxalate consumption via liquid scintillation counting.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus gasseri; Lipid Metabolism; Lipidomics; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Oxalates; Probiotics; Scintillation Counting
PubMed: 31545840
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222393 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019and are two of the main species found in the healthy vaginal microbiome and have also previously been identified and isolated from the human gastrointestinal (GI)...
and are two of the main species found in the healthy vaginal microbiome and have also previously been identified and isolated from the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These two ecological niches are fundamentally different, notably with regards to the epithelial cell type, nutrient availability, environmental conditions, pH, and microbiome composition. Given the dramatic differences between these two environments, we characterized strains within the same species isolated from either the vaginal or intestinal tract to assess whether they are phenotypically and genetically different. We compared the genomes of the strains selected in this study for genetic features of interest, and performed a series of comparative phenotypic assays including small intestinal juice and acid resistance, carbohydrate fermentation profiles, lactic acid production, and host interaction with intestinal Caco-2 and vaginal VK2 cell lines. We also developed a simulated vaginal fluid (SVF) to study bacterial growth in a proxy vaginal environment and conducted differential transcriptomic analysis between SVF and standard laboratory MRS medium. Overall, our results show that although strain-specific variation is observed, some phenotypic differences seem associated with the isolation source. We encourage future probiotic formulation to include isolation source and take into consideration genetic and phenotypic features for use at various body sites.
PubMed: 32038579
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03146 -
Journal of Laboratory Physicians Aug 2020Healthy vaginal microbiota is mainly dominated by species namely , , , and . Lactobacilli are thought to play an important role in the prevention of urogenital...
Healthy vaginal microbiota is mainly dominated by species namely , , , and . Lactobacilli are thought to play an important role in the prevention of urogenital infections, and probiotics to restore and/or maintain vaginal health has been advocated. These can interfere with the adherence, growth, and colonization by uropathogenic bacteria, thus reducing the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). This study aims to isolate and evaluate the susceptibility of healthy vaginal and probiotic spp. to urinary antibiotics. A total of 50 premenopausal, nonmenstruating women with no symptoms of vaginal infection or UTI or antimicrobial use in the past 2 weeks were enrolled. Two high vaginal swabs were collected for Nugent's scoring and anaerobic culture. Colonies yielding gram-positive rods were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). strains in a vaginal probiotic tablet were also isolated, and the sensitivity of both sets to urinary antibiotics was determined. A total of 29 spp. were isolated, including (15), (5), (4), (2), (1), (1), and (1). All strains were susceptible to nitrofurantoin and resistant to norfloxacin, gentamicin, and cotrimoxazole (except ). The probiotic strains were pan-sensitive. Prophylactic antibiotics are capable of eliminating the normal vaginal inhabitants, which may increase the probability of UTI. The administration of vaginal probiotics as an alternate or multidrug therapy can restore vaginal microbiota and help prevent recurrent UTI.
PubMed: 32905311
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716604 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Aug 2023The gut-brain axis is one of the proposed interactions between the brain and peripheral intestinal functions; of particular interest is the influence of food components... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND & AIM
The gut-brain axis is one of the proposed interactions between the brain and peripheral intestinal functions; of particular interest is the influence of food components on the gut-brain axis mediated via the gut microbiome. Probiotics and paraprobiotics have been proposed to interact with the intestinal environment and provide health benefits such as improving sleep quality. The aim of this research was to undertake a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the current evidence regarding the effects of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 on sleep quality for the general population.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted of peer-reviewed articles published up to 04 November 2022. Randomised controlled trials were identified that investigated the effects of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 on sleep parameters in adults. Meta-analysis of the change in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score was conducted. Quality assessments of individual studies were conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias and Health Canada tools.
RESULTS
Seven studies were included in the systematic literature review; six studies included data for meta-analysis to quantify the effect of L. gasseri CP2305 on sleep quality. The ingestion of L. gasseri CP2305 resulted in significant improvement in the PSQI global score compared to control (-0.77, 95% CI: -1.37 to -0.16, P = 0.01). In the two studies that included electroencephalogram (EEG) data, output was significantly improved for at least half of the measured EEG outcomes after consumption of L. gasseri CP2305. No serious concerns were found in the potential biases of included studies, indirectness of the included evidence, and other methodological issues.
CONCLUSION
The present systematic review and meta-analysis indicates significant improvement in sleep quality of adults with mild to moderate stress as an effect of daily consumption of L. gasseri CP2305. Based on existing evidence, the relationship between L. gasseri CP2305 and enhanced sleep quality is plausible, however further investigations are required to confirm the mechanisms of actions for this effect.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Lactobacillus gasseri; Sleep Quality; Sleep; Probiotics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 37413809
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.019 -
Microorganisms Oct 2022spp. generally dominate the vaginal microbiota and prevent pathogen adhesion and overgrowth, including spp., by various mechanisms. Although spp. can be commensal, in...
spp. generally dominate the vaginal microbiota and prevent pathogen adhesion and overgrowth, including spp., by various mechanisms. Although spp. can be commensal, in certain conditions they can become pathogenic, causing vulvovaginal candidiasis. The insurgence of candidiasis is related to the expression of virulence factors, including morphologic switching and biofilm formation. Germ tubes, pseudohyphae, and hyphae promote tissue invasion, biofilms increase persistence and are often resistant to antifungals and host immune response. Here, we explored the inhibitory activity of vaginal strains belonging to , , , and species towards virulence factors. With the aim to investigate the interrelation between mode of growth and functionality, supernatants were collected from lactobacilli planktonic cultures and, for the first time, from adherent ones, and were evaluated towards dimorphic switching and biofilm. biofilms were analyzed by multiple methodologies, i.e., crystal violet staining, MTT assay, and confocal microscopy. supernatants reduce switching and biofilm formation. Importantly, supernatants showed the best profile of virulence suppression, especially when grown in adherence. These results highlight the role of such species as a hallmark of vaginal eubiosis and prompt its employment in new probiotics for women's health.
PubMed: 36296367
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102091 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021Recent studies have suggested that flavonoids such as quercetin and probiotics such as () and () could play a relevant role in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth. Our...
Recent studies have suggested that flavonoids such as quercetin and probiotics such as () and () could play a relevant role in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth. Our study investigated the role of dietary supplementation with microencapsulated probiotics ( and ) along with quercetin in the development of mouse colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Adenomatous polyposis coli/multiple intestinal neoplasia (Apc) mice were fed a standard diet or the same diet supplemented with microencapsulated probiotics ( and strains, 10 CFU/100 g food) or both probiotics strains plus microencapsulated quercetin (15 mg/100 g food) for 73 days. Changes in body and organ weights, energy metabolism, intestinal microbiota, and colon tissue were determined. The expression of genes related to the Wnt pathway was also analyzed in colon samples. Results: Dietary supplementation with microencapsulated probiotics or microencapsulated probiotics plus quercetin reduced body weight loss and intestinal bleeding in Apc mice. An improvement in energy expenditure was observed after 8 weeks but not after 10 weeks of treatment. A supplemented diet with microencapsulated and reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and adenomas by 45% and 60%, respectively, whereas the supplementation with , and quercetin decreased the number of ACF and adenomas by 57% and 80%, respectively. Microencapsulated and in combination with quercetin could exert inhibition of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the colon of Apc mice Conclusions: The administration of microencapsulated and , individually or in combination with quercetin, inhibits the CRC development in Apc mice.
Topics: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Animals; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Body Weight; Carcinogenesis; Cells, Immobilized; Colon; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Energy Metabolism; Feces; Feeding Behavior; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Lactobacillus gasseri; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Occult Blood; Organ Size; Probiotics; Quercetin; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Mice
PubMed: 34063173
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094906 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022The development of functional foods containing probiotic bacteria has become increasingly relevant to improve and maintain health. However, this is often limited to...
The development of functional foods containing probiotic bacteria has become increasingly relevant to improve and maintain health. However, this is often limited to dairy food matrices given the complexity involved in maintaining a stable system together with high microbial viability in matrices such as juices. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize sodium alginate capsules loaded with ATCC 19992 ™ (LG). Cell viability under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions and during storage in apple juice were evaluated. The capsules were prepared by ionic gelation and an emulsification process was performed as pretreatment using two homogenization methods: magnetic stirring (AM) and Ultraturrax rotor-stator homogenizer (UT). Cell viability after encapsulation was similar in the two processes: 65%. At the end of the in vitro gastrointestinal evaluation, the non-encapsulated probiotic cells did not show any viability, while the AM system was able to retain 100% of its viability and the UT retained 79.14%. The morphology of the capsules consisted of a continuous and homogeneous surface. Cell viability of LG encapsulated in apple juice stored at 4 °C for 21 days was 77% for AM, 55.43% for UT, and 63.10% for free LG.
PubMed: 35267373
DOI: 10.3390/foods11050740 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Nov 2013Certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the capacity to occupy mucosal niches of humans, including the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina. Among commensal,... (Review)
Review
Certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the capacity to occupy mucosal niches of humans, including the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina. Among commensal, LAB are species of the acidophilus complex, which have proven to be a substantial reservoir for microorganisms with probiotic attributes. Specifically, Lactobacillus gasseri is an autochthonous microorganism which has been evaluated for probiotic activity based on the availability of genome sequence and species-specific adaptation to the human mucosa. Niche-related characteristics of L. gasseri contributing to indigenous colonization include tolerance of low pH environments, resistance to bile salts, and adhesion to the host epithelium. In humans, L. gasseri elicits various health benefits through its antimicrobial activity, bacteriocin production, and immunomodulation of the innate and adaptive systems. The genomic and empirical evidence supporting use of L. gasseri in probiotic applications is substantiated by clinical trial data displaying maintenance of vaginal homeostasis, mitigation of Helicobacter pylori infection, and amelioration of diarrhea.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriocins; Female; Gastrointestinal Tract; Genome, Bacterial; Health; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System; Lactobacillus; Probiotics; Vagina; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 23488471
DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12021 -
Journal of Biomedical Science Sep 2022The extra-intestinal effects of probiotics for preventing allergic diseases are well known. However, the probiotic components that interact with host target molecules...
BACKGROUND
The extra-intestinal effects of probiotics for preventing allergic diseases are well known. However, the probiotic components that interact with host target molecules and have a beneficial effect on allergic asthma remain unknown. Lactobacillus gasseri attenuates allergic airway inflammation through the activation of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in dendritic cells. Therefore, we aimed to isolate and investigate the immunomodulatory effect of the PPARγ activation component from L. gasseri.
METHODS
Culture supernatants of L. gasseri were fractionated and screened for the active component for allergic asthma. The isolated component was subjected to in vitro functional assays and then cloned. The crystal structure of this component protein was determined using X-ray crystallography. Intrarectal inoculation of the active component-overexpressing Clear coli (lipopolysaccharide-free Escherichia coli) and intraperitoneal injection of recombinant component protein were used in a house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma mouse model to investigate the protective effect. Recombinant mutant component proteins were assayed, and their structures were superimposed to identify the detailed mechanism of alleviating allergic inflammation.
RESULTS
A moonlighting protein, glycolytic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), LGp40, that has multifunctional effects was purified from cultured L. gasseri, and the crystal structure was determined. Both intrarectal inoculation of LGp40-overexpressing Clear coli and intraperitoneal administration of recombinant LGp40 protein attenuated allergic inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. However, CDp40, GAPDH isolated from Clostridium difficile did not possess this anti-asthma effect. LGp40 redirected allergic M2 macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and impeded M2-prompted Th2 cell activation through glycolytic activity that induced immunometabolic changes. Recombinant mutant LGp40, without enzyme activity, showed no protective effect against HDM-induced airway inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS
We found a novel mechanism of moonlighting LGp40 in the reversal of M2-prompted Th2 cell activation through glycolytic activity, which has an important immunoregulatory role in preventing allergic asthma. Our results provide a new strategy for probiotics application in alleviating allergic asthma.
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Disease Models, Animal; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; Inflammation; Lactobacillus gasseri; Lung; Macrophages; Mice; PPAR gamma; Peroxisome Proliferators; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 36175886
DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00861-8 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020Carrot juice (straight, 8.5 Brix and concentrated, 15.2 Brix) was fermented by lactic acid bacteria ( strain DSM 20604 or DSM 20077). Fermentation enhanced the...
Carrot juice (straight, 8.5 Brix and concentrated, 15.2 Brix) was fermented by lactic acid bacteria ( strain DSM 20604 or DSM 20077). Fermentation enhanced the nutritional profile of carrot juice. There was a greater sugar reduction (27%) in fermented straight carrot juices than in the fermented concentrated juices (15%). The sugar reduction was independent of the strain used for fermentation. The two strains synthesised fructosyltransferase enzymes during fermentation of carrot juice samples that enabled conversion of simple sugars primarily into polysaccharides. The level of conversion to polysaccharides was dependent on the strain and juice concentration. Fermentation of carrot juice by enables the production of a nutritionally-enhanced beverage with reduced calorie and prebiotic potential. An additional benefit is the increased carotenoid content observed in straight and concentrated juices fermented by DSM 20077 and the concentrated juice fermented by DSM 20604.
PubMed: 33291830
DOI: 10.3390/foods9121803